Trap, neuter and release (TNR) is a proposed management solution for feral, free-roaming and unowned cats. 

Main issues



TNR schemes are designed to reduce the number of feral, free-roaming and unowned cats in a given locality. TNR appears to be an effective non-lethal method to control small populations of free-roaming cats, however there are welfare issues. On the other hand, without any control the mortality rate of free-roaming cats is extremely high. Neutering the majority of cats of both sexes, vaccination and worming are fundamental to the cats' welfare if they are to be returned to their locality.



There are plausible arguments both for and against TNR, for example:

• Evaluation of the effect of a long term TNR and adoption program on a free roaming cat population outlines a long-term study that shows the method can be successful.


• The welfare of feral cats and wildlife argues there are better and more humane methods to control unwanted cat populations and that TNR perpetuates welfare problems and a miserable life for these cats.


• Use of matrix population models to estimate the efficacy of euthanasia versus TNR for management of free-roaming cats supports this argument in a study to determine the effectiveness of TNR in population reduction. It revealed exponential growth in all scenarios of a model of free-roaming cat populations and concluded that population reduction by euthanasia was more effective than by TNR.
  
  
  
  Other issues
  
  
  
  Research on the reproductive capacity of free-roaming domestic cats and kitten survival illustrates they are fecund. Realistic estimates of reproductive capacity are essential when assessing the effectiveness of population-control strategies. Further, outcomes can be monitored with easily collected data, statistical analyses and population-modelling techniques.
  
  
  
  There are professional, ethical, and legal dilemmas associated with TNR. A program's success depends on support from the community, veterinarians, animal welfare groups and it requires effective legislation. Education on responsible ownership is essential to reduce the abandonment and neglect of pets in the first place.
  
  
  
  
  
  Conclusion
  
  
  
  TNR may control small cat colonies in defined areas. However, cats need to be intensively removed when they represent a threat to wildlife and/or public health. Research is required to better control of feral cats in rural and coastal areas, where their impact on wildlife may be substantial. Further, research is needed into alternative methods of population control as those available have not demonstrated any long-term reduction in numbers of free-roaming cats.
  
  
  
  Regardless of the arguments, it seems certain that the welfare of feral, free-roaming and unowned cats is compromised by their lifestyle. The welfare and sustainability of their prey is also compromised.
  
  
  
  In order to make your own judgment, a thorough literature review of TNR schemes is available in Trap, neuter and release programs for cats.